У статті окреслено шляхи вирішення житлової кризи 1920-х рр.
у рамках поступового переформатування міського простору. Визначено категорії населення, які першочергово потребували житла (окрім городян, які втратили помешкання, – військові та нові
категорії населення, які виникли внаслідок екстремальної повсякденності, зокрема, безпритульні). Зосереджено увагу на дослідженні місцевої специфічності житлового простору Чернігова у післяреволюційний період; охарактеризовано подальшу долю готелів,
їх функціонування; окреслено проблематику співіснування релігійного та радянського просторів і, як наслідок, – оцивільнення культових споруд у межах нової рамкової дійсності та антицерковної
політики, а також шляхи витіснення монастирського простору.
The article is devoted to the problems of the housing space in Chernihiv
in transformed local space in 1920s. Military action of 1917-1919 led
to the crisis of all structures of everyday life. Chernihiv was suffered too.
The local housing stock was ruined. Soviet power should know all the
answers. There was more than one way to solve the problem of housing
demand: the redistribution of the housing fund with the confiscation
of the apartments of the expropriated categories; the eviction from the
apartment; the flatshare (the reduction of numbers of the living space)
and the accommodation in the abandoned houses, the owners of which
left Chernihiv after the establishment of the Soviet power.
The problem of housing demand was solved by checking into deserted
local hotels.
However, it was not enough, so they began to receive any vacant
rooms or evicted flats (one square meter for one person). The policy of
redesigning of former prerevolutionary buildings has begun. In particular,
it was subject to the religious colleges. They were closed in order to provide
housing for soldiers (in the context of housing crisis it was the excuse for
the liquidation of the religious colleges as the part of antireligious policy).
Taking into consideration the housing crisis and empty State treasury
only five of the nineteenth prerevolutionary hotels continued to work. The
others were transformed into the Soviet organizations. In the mid-1920s
the cost of accommodation was depended upon the number of services.
In the private hotels average room rate were higher.
The reformatting of the housing fund had a great impact on the religious
space of Chernihiv. After the liquidation of two Chernihiv monasteries in
1921 all their buildings were transformed into Soviet organizations (except
the cathedrals). On the former Holy Trinity monastery two children’s homes
and the home for the disabled were open. On the Yeletskyi monastery
the kindergarten and the «hotel» were organized. Consequently, in the
effort to overcome the crisis of all structures of everyday life the direction
of urban existence was defined. As the result, most of the buildings has
been changed the primary functional profile.
