Пізні скіфи: формування складу населення за матеріалами антропології

Abstract

У статті на матеріалах краніології розглядається питання про формування пізньоскіфських популяцій та їх місце в колі хронологічно близьких груп Східної Європи.

In this paper, craniological materials from late Scythian monuments were considered in a wide range of Scythian, Sarmatian groups and series from ancient necropolises. Statistical analysis was performed using several methods of multidimensional statistics. According to the results of the analysis it can be said that the population from the Lower Dnieper settlements and the Late Scythian cemeteries of Crimea is the common anthropological massif which is biologically connected with people from the ancient environment and people from certain Scythian populations. Due to its mixed population, Mykolayivka-Kozatsky, Zolota Balka, Scythian Neapolis and Belyaus occupy an intermediate position between groups from Greek polises and individual Scythian series. From the Scythian series to the late Scythians morphologically and statistically the closest people from the cemetery of Ak-Tash and Mykolayivka on the Dniester who were in contact with the ancient world. Late Scythian groups differ from the main Scythian population in a number of ways. They have a smaller skull in length and height, below the face and nose, but higher orbits, as well as a sharper horizontal profile of the face. The direction of the differences shows that they should not be associated with epoch-making variability. The set of features in the direction of which the late Scythian population differs from the Scythians, is characteristic of the population of ancient cities. People from these cities were one of the two main components among the late Scythian population. The Sarmatians did not play a significant role in shaping the composition of the late Scythian populations, but their presence among the population is fixed. Part of the descendants of the Late Scythian population took part in the formation of the anthropological composition of the bearers of Chernyakhiv culture. This is recorded in materials from Chernyakhiv cemeteries on the Black Sea coast. Some groups of people from the late Scythian populations were buried in the Chernyakhiv cemetery in the Middle Dnieper.