Нові пам'ятки Києва Х—ХVIII ст. (матеріали до археологічної карти)

Abstract

Статтю присвячено огляду нових археологічних пам'яток Х—ХVІІІ ст., виявлених останніми роками на адміністративній території м. Києва, навколо його історичного ядра.

62 archeological sites officially registered on the territory of Kyiv, 23 of which are of national, others — of local value. Half of these objects are architectural monuments or individual buildings (brick-burning furnaces, wooden water pipes, etc.). These sites are mostly located in the central historic part of the city. More common types of archaeological sites — hillforts, settlements, burial grounds. At the beginning of the XXIth century 76 sites of these types were known in the territory of Kyiv, of which only a few are with protected status now. Since 2011, the author has conducted archaeological surveys in the city. Their purpose is to inspect the places of known archaeological sites and search for new ones. During this time, 78 sites were inspected, of which 61 were discovered for the first time. Among these open sites 27 dated to the Xth—XVIIIth centuries or contain finds of this time. 13 sites existed in epoch of Old Rus’ (Xth—XIIIth centuries). Accordingly, today 72 sites of this period, 4 settlements, 38 settlements, 10 burial mounds and 4 ground cemetery, 8 monasteries, 7 caves and 1 fortification rempart are registered in Kyiv. Pottery of the second half of the XIIIth—XVIIth centuries was found at 10 sites. Magority of settlements dated to the early modern time — they were villages and farms around Kyiv. Their study allows us to find out in detail the extensive system of settlement at the Kyiv outskirts in this period and the active economic use of the latter. A fortification rempart which has a length of 2.9 km was also inspected on the southern outskirts of the city. Its height is generally 0.2—0.5 m, width — up to 10 m. This fortification is believed to have been emerged at the turn of the Xth—XIth centuries in order to protect Kyiv from the attacks of nomads. The discovery and study of new archaeological sites of the Middle Ages and early modern times allows us to explore the peculiarities of the emergence and development of settlement structures around one of the largest urban centers of Central and Eastern Europe, increases the number of sources on the historical urbanism of Kyiv, contributes to the memorial component of the socio-cultural development of the capital Of Ukraine.