The development of theory and history of literary languages, the problems of Dialectology, Areal
Linguistics proved that the language reality and the forms of its functioning are rather diverse. The
achievements of Linguistics made it possible to realise deeper the polysystematic character of any national
language, which by itself presents a complicated, hierarchily organised macrosystem, formed historically and
uniting different forms of existance.
The notion of the objective language norm is correlated with such notions as system and structure of the
language. In modern Linguistics the accepted approach regards language as the system of conventional means,
and speech as one of the formes of system existance. If language and system are being apposed, it leads to
separation of system and norm. The phenomenon was most consistently defined in the works of linguists in the
XXth century. They mainly agreed on the following: norm exists in the language itslf; in a definite way it is
connected with the system; is defined by the system as sum of opportunities, which exist in a definite language,
namely, as the system of models which have not been realized.
Language bearers do not realise either what norm is, or what phonological oppositions, existing within the
frames of norm, are. These deviations may be the result of the fact that a bearer of a language speaks a certain
dialogue; it may depend on his/her educational level, social and professional communication environment and,
besides, generation characteristic features. Different forms of communication are used according to the
situation. Among them only the literary form is a universal one, as it does not depend on the area and is
impersonal by its character.
Key words: pronunciation norm; Sociolinguistics; Sociophonetics; an unstable rule; phonological variability.
Развитие теории и истории литературных языков, разработка проблем диалектологии,
ареальной лингвистики и социолингвистики раскрыли разнообразие реальной языковой
действительности и форм функционирования языка. Достижения лингвистики способствовали все
более глубокому осознанию полисистемного характера любого развитого национального языка,
который представляет собой исторически сформированную, сложную, иерархически организованную
макросистему, объединяющую разные формы ее существования.
Ключевые слова: норма произношения, социолингвистика, социофонетика, переменное правило,
фонологическая переменная
Розвиток теорiï та iсторiï лiтературних мов, розробка проблем дiалектологiï, ареальної
лiнгвiстики і соцiолiнгвiстики розкрили рiзноманiтнiсть реальноï мовноï дiйсностi і форм
функцiонування мови. Досягнення лiнгвiстики сприяли все бiльш глибокому усвiдомленню полiсистемного
характеру будь-якоï розвинутоï нацiональноï мови, яка становить собою iсторично сформовану,
складну, iєрархiчно органiзовану макросистему, об'єднуючу рiзнi форми її iснування.
Ключові слова: норма вимови, соціолінгвістика, соціофонетика, змінне правило, фонологічна змінна
