National movement and further development of national benchmarks of the
European peoples at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849 are one of
the most socio-political contextualized pages in the past of the Slavik peoples
in Europe. The research is considered to be topical since the process of
formation of national ideology in the 19th century, that occured in the Slavs
environment, took place in terms of distribution of the national principle and
state formation in the majority of the European countries. The purpose of the
research is to enlighten the course, laws and specifics of formation of the
national paradigm at the beginning of the revolution of 1848–1849. The object
of the study is the national movement of the Slavs, the subject of scientific
analysis is the national ideology developing under the influence of both
internal and external factors.
To achieve the main goal of the research the author has considered it to be
necessary to solve a number of the following tasks: to scientifically, logically,
argumentatively and coherently lay out specifics of the process of Slavic
national ideology formation and reveal its main features. It should be
emphasized that by the beginning of the revolution the national patriotic mood
was not limited merely by the demand of the cultural reforms, it gradually
transformed into the context of new political and socio-economic ideas. At the
same time, in the meaning of national paradigm of the Slavic National
Movement the idea of its moderation or passive opposition actualized drastically.
In general, national paradigm was a certain mixture of political ideas,
in which political freedom — democracy, social and personal guarantees —
took a somewhat secondary place, the struggle for the national justice with its
moral and cultural principles, became dominant.
On the eve of the 1848 revolution western Slavs were involved in the
process of modernizing their national ideology. Al though this process was an
all-European phenomen on and large ethnic units were under going selfdetermination,
the spiritual renaissance of the western Slavs had specific
regional and ethnic characteristics, thus attracting the political attention of the
governments of great empires — the Austrian and the Russian. For Russia, the
biggest Slavonic country, the idea of the general Slavonic ethnic unity as well
as the Pan-Slavistic ideology were not only of scientific character, but also
served as a factor of geopolitical interest.
Метою дослідження стала панідея, зокрема і панславізм конкретно.
Майже у всіх етнічно споріднених народів, що входили до складу великих
мовних і релігійних спільнот, на певному історичному етапі виникають
неоднозначні за формою і змістом панідеології — панславізм, пангерманізм, панамериканізм, панісламізм і такі наднаціональні інтеграційні
ідеї, як австрославізм, ілліризм. Їхня мета полягала в обґрунтуванні не
тільки цивілізаційної, етнокультурної, історичної спільності, але в тому
числі і політичної. З часом панідеї ставали не тільки джерелом для
формування національної ідеології, але також слугували й підставою для
появи полінаціональних держав і забезпечували існування ідеології великодержавності.
