Стаття присвячена глиняним люлькам для
куріння тютюну XVII — початку XIX ст., знайденим у Києві. Розглянуто групи знахідок за зовнішньою
подібністю. В середині цих груп виділено фасони
виробів, які набували популярності у певні проміжки часу. Наведено аналогії знахідкам з українських
земель та інших територій. Простежено еволюцію деяких фасонів протягом XVII — початку XIX ст.
The paper is devoted to clay tobacco pipes of the 17th — early
19th centuries, found in Kyiv. The two-part type of pipes of
the so-called «eastern» type is analyzed, the most widespread
in the territory of Ukraine and prevailing among finds from
Kiev. The chibouk and the pipe body of such products are separate
parts. Other types are one-piece pipes of the so-called
«western» type (or «Dutch»), in which the chibouk and the
bowl are one whole, and three-part pipes, in which the middle
part (shank) served for connection of chibouk with a one-part
pipe. They are extremely few among archaeological finds.
The author collects two-part pipes into groups according
to their external similarity. Within these groups, there are
styles of items that have gained popularity over time. Parallels
for Kyiv finds from Ukrainian lands and other territories
are provided.
The evolution of some styles during the 17th — early
19th centuries is examined. For the seventeenth — early eighteenth
century pipes of small sizes of three types: bud-shaped,
fluted, pot-shaped are characteristic. Each type was designed
with several styles. They are distinguished by the design of
the bowl. Bud-shaped pipes had a spherical, hemispherical,
disk-shaped, with a petal division, with a frequent division,
shell-like lower part. Pot-shaped pipes were both rounded and
elongated in height. The most homogeneous were fluted pipes.
They were varied by simple or more decorative designs.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries styles of pipes
have changed. Bud-shaped pipes with a petal division of
the lower part of bowl acquired of new styles: tall, slender
pipes covered with colored glaze; pipes with a shell-shaped
bowl became very similar to them; as a development of this
style — pipes with a crest-keel under the lower part of the
bowl; style of large, similar in height and length of pipes,
which could be both glazed and terracotta. Pipes with a part
of the lower part of bowl also evolved in a similar way: there
were large low pipes with a wide bowl and pipes of vertical
proportions. Among the pot-shaped pipes tall large items
with rhymed geometric and floral ornaments up to 7—8 cm
in size were spread. A variant of such pipes were products
decorated on both sides of the bowl with a flower-shaped
medallion.
Along with large specimens in the eighteenth century
similar items of smaller sizes continued to be used. Since the
beginning of the eighteenth century imported «oriental» or
«Turkish» styles are becoming more and more popular — Ottoman-
chibouk, «narcissus», «lily», etc. Such pipes came from
the Black Sea coast, their copies could be made in Ukrainian
cities, including in Kyiv.
