У статті проаналізовано речовий комплекс виявлений в Харківської обл. поблизу раніше не відомого селища з матеріалами пеньківської та салтівської археологічних культур раннього середньовіччя.
За речовим складом комплекс являє собою скарб коваля-ювеліра і датується серединою — другою половиною VII ст. Артефакти чорної металургії представлені ковальськими інструментами (ковадлом
і парою молотків) та сировиною (ковальські криці,
заготовки для виробів). Артефакти ювелірного виробництва представлені унікальною серією матриць для виготовлення прикрас поясного набору та бронзовою сировиною, серед якої особливу увагу привертають сильно зношені монети пізньоримського
часу. Цей комплекс є не тільки черговим підтвердженням високої майстерності ранньосередньовічних ремісників Східної Європи, а й свідченням того, що в означений час коваль поєднував якісну роботу
по створенню виробів з чорного металу, бронзоливарництво та ювелірну справу.
The stash of a smith jeweller, who worked with
both black and colored metals, are analyzed in the article;
they were found near Myrna Dolyna village on
Kharkivschina. The following features allow to refer
this complex to the southeastern part of the Penkov
culture area: a discovery site, detected belt details of
a heraldic style, as well as the matrices for their craft,
and also parallels of the belt garniture with Dnipro
treasures and complexes from other regions. The most
reliable dating of the stash is middle-second half of the
7th century.
Presence of the smith’s tools (anvil and two hammers;
fig. 2: 1—3), and also a considerable amount of
raw materials, semi-products, pieces and black metal
subproducts (fig. 2: 4—11; 3) point to the fact, that a
craftsman professionaly made blacksmithґs work orders.
A wider range of analogies of metal working tools
can be observed rather in the Saltov culture than on
the synchronous sites of the East slavs. It shows the
influence of the Khazarian populationґs smithcraft on
neighbouring Slavic tribes.
Beside smithcraft, a creftsman professionally worked
with colored metal; colored raw material (bronze) supply
for casting and jewellery (fig. 4), and also matrices
for belt details production point to this fact. Apart from
products made of colored metal junk, he also used Late
Roman coins (fig. 7) as raw materials, which was detected
for the first time in the context of Early Medieval
treasures.
Complex of colored repoussage artefacts represents a
range of jewellery technologic stages: matrices for belt
details manufacture and raw cast subproducts for matrices
production (one of morphological types presented
by both a finished plate and anologic matrix for their
crafting; fig. 5: 4, 5), which was detected for the first
time in Ukraine. A part of finished products (fig. 5: 1—3;
6: 4) could serve as patterns for analogic products, be
under repair or intended to be melted as metal junk.
The artefacts of this stash have a wide and interesting
range of typological and stylistic analogies. A
part of them refers to the Azov and Black Sea steppes,
Crimean Mountains and Northern Caucasus (fig. 5:
1-2). Another part has wider parallels including particularly
«the Antes’ antiquities» of the Dnipro region
(fig. 6: 1—5). Some artefacts do not have any direct
analogies (fig. 5: 3, 6, 7). Separate products (fig. 5: 4, 5)
have parallels on the Slavic sites of the Eastern European
forest steppe, in the Avar antiquities of the Pannonian
Plane and Lombardic burial sites in Italy, but
they are not common to the nomadic complexes of the
Syvash type, Crimea or the Caucasus. Horizontal and
symmetric plates with etched drawings in the form of
dots and braces (fig. 5: 8, 9) tend to the Danube region,
Italy, and also South Western Crimea. On the whole,
among the range of analogies to the bronze products
of the stash from Myrna Dolyna, we can distinguish
these main directions: above the Black Sea region —
Crimea — the Northern Caucasus and the Eastern European
forest steppe — the Pannonian Plane — Italy.
Taking into account a cultural-chronological definition,
a craftsmanґs professional diversity seems unique,
since apart from jewellery, he practiced smithcraft as
well. The defined range of parallels allows to admit
that the stash’s owner, a craftsman — smith jeweller,
could make work orders from both representatives of
Slavic military aristocracy and nomads of the Northern
Pryazovia and Prysyvash region.
