Стаття присвячена житловій споруді першої
половини XVII ст., яка загинула у пожежі. Судячи
з розмірів споруди та археологічного матеріалу,
вилученого з неї, вона належала заможній любецькій родині цього часу.
The antiquities of Lyubech of 17th—18th centuries
have been known to the scientific community since
the B. O. Rybakov’s excavation of the hillfort Zamkova
Hora during 1957—1960. Here the powerful cultural
layer and remains of buildings, including defensive
ones has been recorded. Next time the dwellings and
household buildings of this period were recorded by the
works of A. L. Kazakov in Lyubech suburb (posad) in
1989—1990. At the beginning of the current century
the archaeological expedition of the Taras Shevchenko
National University “Chernihiv Collegium”, headed
by the author, explored significant areas of the ancient
Lyubech in three places — hillforts Zamkova
Hora and Monastirishche, as well as the suburb
(posad) of Lyubech near stone building (Kamianitsa)
of hetman Poubotok. Just at its territory where 372 m2
have been excavated the residential and commercial
buildings of the 17th—18th centuries were discovered.
In 2013 and 2016 the remains of rich residential
building destroyed in a fire in the middle of the
17th century have been discovered. It is located 13 m
north of the north-west corner of the Kamianitsa.
The structure was built on the basement. The interior
details of the ground floor have preserved in the
upper burnt layers of the consruction pit. To the left
of the entrance, in the eastern corner, the remains of
destroyed furnace were discovered, and to the right of
the entrance, near the wall, a large stone (0.55 × 0.25 ×
0.36 m) was found.
Fragments of kitchen and tableware dating to the
first half — mid-seventeenth century were found in
the filling of the building. Part of the tableware is
decorated with green, yellow, light brown and brown
glaze. In addition to the pottery there were also found
parts of knives with bone grips, steel, spring and
hinged scissors, a fragment of a pipe, fishing sinkers
and horseshoes. Among the unique finds the seal
cast made from copper alloy should be noted. In the
burnt layer of the building and below it the items dated
back to the 10th—12th centuries such as the bridle
pendant (reshma), fragment of encolpion, bracelet, pin,
fragment of a lunula which are made of copper alloy
have been occurred, as well as the gold-glass bead,
fragment of a glass bracelet, fragments of pyrophillit
spindle wheel and plate. Probably during household
works the residents of Lyubech of the 17th century accidentally
found the old items, collected and stored
them.
Thus, the discovered residential building belonged
to the wealthy resident of Lyubech and was destroyed
in fire in the middle of 17th century.
