Предмети з обробленої кістки з городища Радичівське 3 на р. Десна (за матеріалами досліджень 1991—1992 рр.)

Abstract

До наукового обігу введено й проаналізовано вироби з кістки з багатошарового поселення Радичівске 3 (Коропський р-н Чернігівської обл.), виявлені в ході досліджень 1991—1992 рр. Вироби походять з об’єктів роменської культури і культурного шару. Переважна більшість знахідок репрезентована знаряддями праці з загостреним функціональним кінцем. У колекції є також лощило з ребра, кістяний предмет (застібка або функціональна деталь складного пристрою) і амулет з ікла ведмедя. 2 кістки коня з природним загостренням без слідів використання, які також походять з колекції, не є знаряддями. Загалом склад виробів з кістки є звичайним для слов’янських пам’яток. Вони могли належати особам, які займалися обробкою тваринної сировини шкіри і хутра.

The bone objects from the multi-layered settlement Radychivske 3 (Korop district, Chernihiv region) are introduced into scientific circulation and analyzed in the paper. They have been found during the excavations in 1991—1992. The items come from objects of Romny culture (structures and pits) and from the cultural layer. Most of the finds are pointed tools. Thirteen of them can be interpreted as tools for treating of seams or for weaving and 2 are piercing tools. The collection also contains two horse bones with a natural sharpening with no traces of use. Their interpretation as tools is problematic. The collection also includes the polish tool made of rib. In addition, in the collection of treated bone there is a workpiece made of compact bone. The bone object with a through hole in its middle part can be interpreted as a detail of complex device, perhaps the lock or clasp. Its analogy is the bone item of similar shape from Kyiv. The item from Radichiv was found in the cultural layer. The conditions of the find make it difficult for dating but the Kyiv parallel allows us to date it to the Slavic (Romny culture) or Old Rus time. The collection also includes the bear’s fang amulet. Such amulets were common during Slavic and Old Rus time. They occur mainly from the sites of the 9th— 10th centuries although in general they are found both earlier and later than the time in question. All the tools were made from the bones of domestic animals, mostly cattle. Horse bones and single specimens of bones of pig and small cattle were also identified. So the manufacture of such products was based on materials at hand. In general, the set of bone products is common for Slavic sites. Considering that, if necessary, each artisan could make the bone items for himself, we can assume that they belonged to persons who were engaged in the treatment of animal raw materials, primarily of leather and fur.