У статті підсумовані результати археологічних досліджень поселенських пам’яток Південної
Волині (округа літописного міста Данилів) та Західного Поділля (округа комплексу пам’яток Збручанського культового центру, літописної Теребовлі, літописного Збаража). Проведено узагальнення
даних хліборобських знарядь праці, рослинних матеріалів, доповнено джерельну базу. Зроблено
аналіз землеробства згідно процесу: від обробітку
ґрунту до зберігання й переробки врожаю.
The article sums up the results of archaeological
investigations of the settlements of South Volyn (the
territory around annalistic Danyliv town) and Western
Podillia (the territory of sites complex of Zbruch cultural
center, annalistic Terebovlia). Authors conducted
generalization of findings of agriculture implements,
white straw crops remains and supplemented source
base. During archaeological investigations of the settlements
and fortified settlements of Western Podillia
and South Volyn at the end of 20th — beginning of
21th centuries scientists discovered 64 metal objects
connected with agriculture found at 14 sites and palaeoethnobotanical
materials at 11 sites (table 1; fig. 1).
Functionally metal objects divide into tools connected
with land cultivating: tips on plowing tools (4), coulter
(2) (fig. 2), hoes (3) and shovels ironing (4) (fig. 3); and
the tools for harvesting: sickles (33; fig. 6) and scythes
(18; fig. 7). Only one palaeoethnobotanical complex
from 11 sites is of interest to statistics (table 2; fig. 5).
Agriculture analysis is conducted according to the
process: from land cultivating to preservation and harvest
processing. Plowing tools are represented by developed
tips types maximally similar to tusks. Findings
of coulters prove existence of the most efficient tools of
plough type for plowing. Set of ironings for shovels and
hoes represents kitchen gardening and horticulture.
One full paleoethnobotanical spectrum connected
with the region is derived which helps to characterize
grain farming and spectrum indicators resemble early
Slavic. At the same time indicators of efficient capricious
white straw crops are rather substantial and that
proves high level of tillage.
Presence of sickles and scythes is an undoubted
proof of local agriculture. For harvest preserving some
special grain pits were used.
The survey of materials concerned with agriculture
proves its high level. Further thorough and combined
investigations will give an opportunity to refine these
conclusions and place and role of agriculture in life of
ancient communities in the interfluve of Dniester and
Ikva at Old Russian period.
