У статті йде мова про житлові споруди, відкриті на городищі чорноліської культури в с. Рудківці Новоушицького району Хмельницької області у 1972—1974 рр. Будівлі були наземними чи злегка
заглибленими з глинобитними печами та вогнищами. При їх спорудженні використовувалися дерево, глина та каміння. У приміщеннях виявлені
фрагменти кераміки, кістки тварин, глиняна
обмазка, окреме дрібне каміння, яке укріплювало
стіни. Датується пам’ятка кінцем Х — першою половиною VІІ ст. до н. е.
The settlement of pre-Scythian times is located near
the Rudkivtsi village, Novoushitsky District, Khmelnytsky
Region. The site occupies large area on the plateau
(about 115 hectares) which rises 150 m above the
level of the Dniester and a steep slope (about 6 hectares)
which departs from the plateau and descends
rapidly to the water. The settlement has the complex
system of artificial fortifications that protect it from
the most vulnerable areas.
The part of settlement that occupied the slope was
inhabited. Here in the seventees of the previous century
the author conducted the research by the expedition
of the Kamyanets-Podilsky Pedagogical Institute. This
article deals with residential objects, were discovered
on the settlement during 1972—1974.
Residential buildings are mostly above ground or
slightly deepened by 0.5—1 m with clay pear-shaped or
oval in plan furnaces and hearths. For example, dwelling
5 was lowered into the ground by 0.7 m. Dimensions
— 8.5 × 6.5 m. In housing had functioned an clay
oven and three hearths. The furnace, pear-shaped in
plan, was sunk into the mainland by about half near
the western wall and rose 0.3 m above the general level.
Length — 2.3 m, width — 1.4 m, and width of the
outfall — 0.35 m. The stove had a domed ceiling, which
had fell on the bottom and covered the entire area of
the latter with a layer (up to 3—4 cm thick) of small
fragments of burnt plaster. In some places, along the
perimeter of the furnace, survived to a height of 3 cm
sides of the arch, 4 cm thick. On both sides of the estuary
there were stone slabs across, which strengthened
the outfall and prevented its premature destruction.
The 3 cm thick clay bottom was smeared on a base of
carefully laid stone tiles. In addition to the stove, there
were three other fires inside the house.
The results of the excavations are important, first of
all, because it was possible to open residential buildings
with heating devices of satisfactory safety and
to establish their arrangement. In the construction of
buildings used traditional materials for the time: clay,
wood and stone. This technology is typical for the whole
of Transnistria and neighboring regions.
Studies have shown that the territory of the settlement
was very densely populated. The collected materials
allow to determine the time of functioning of the
monument within the end of the 10th first half of the 7th century BC.
