Шлемы золотоордынских воинов Северного Кавказа из частных собраний

Abstract

Настоящая работа посвящена публикации группы шлемов, найденных в ходе нелегальных раскопок в западной части Северного Предкавказья и осевших в частных коллекциях. Подавляющая часть этой группы хранится в частном собрании в г.Оффенбах в Германии, хозяин которого любезно ознакомил с ними автора и дал разрешение на публикацию. Остальные предметы стали известны автору в процессе консультаций.

The paper considers a group of helmets from private collections found in the Kuban region and Piatigorye. They are of various types, many of which are known from excavations in other regions. There is a long debate underway as to their dating and cultural association. The significance of the samples lies in the fact that they were found in the Kuban region and came from burials left by the Circassians dating back to the 14th to the early 15th century, or with the Polovtsy dating back from the mid 13th to the 1st third of the 14th century. Thus, ail the helmets considered in the paper are connected with the Golden Horde troops. Most of them can be assigned to the armor craftsmanship of the Golden Horde, and some items more precisely to products of the Circassian armorers. Only one of the helmets is a unique object, well-known in illustrations, and connected with the Southern European tradition of the Byzantine type of the 13th to 14th centuries.