Стаття присвячена висвітленню історії науково-реставраційних робіт, виконаних у другій половині 1950-х – на початку 1960-х рр. на пам’ятці
архітектури – Будинку митрополита архітектурного ансамблю Києво-Печерської лаври під керівництвом Є. Пламеницької.
The architectural ensemble of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, which is
has an outstanding cultural value of world importance, was devastated
during the Second World War. After the War, large-scale restoration
and restoration works were launched in the Lavra, which contributed to
the establishment of a Ukrainian restoration school, the development
of a restoration methodology, and the formation of talented restoration
architects. In particular, in the late 1950s – early 1960s, restoration works
under the direction of Yevhenia Plamenytska were performed on the iconic
monument of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra - the Metropolitan’s House. This
monument suffered significant damage during the Second World War. In
general, the Metropolitan’s House required not only the restoration of the
lost structures, but also the strengthening of the existing ones. The work on
the monument was carried out in accordance with the current legislation
on conservation and scientific and methodological documents. Along with
detailed measurements and full-scale studies of the monument, archival
materials and historical sources were studied.
In the process of scientific research Ye. Plamenytska revealed important
stages of creation and transformation of the object, in particular, refuted
established ideas about its original nucleus, and also revealed a number of
important details of the original architectural and decorative decoration
of the facades. It is also revealed that in 1752–1761, as a result of the
transformations, the Metropolitan’s House was transformed from an
archaic three-chamber building into a palace-type building. However,
during the XIX - early XX centuries numerous additions were made to the
Metropolitan’s House which led to the almost complete loss of the features
of the Baroque palace.
The project of restoration of the Metropolitan’s House was designed to
adapt it to the Museum of Ukrainian Art. The restoration concept intended
to free the monument from architectural layers that have no artistic value
and to restore the monument to its original appearance. The implementation
of the project decisions was influenced by ideological motives related to
the strengthening of the anti-religious campaign by the Soviet authorities.
Restoration work was carried out during 1959-1963. Some project decisions
that failed in those years remain relevant today.
Project of restoration of Metropolitan’s House is a stage work of
Ye. Plamenytska. Realization of this project provided stylistic integrity of
architectural ensemble of Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra to a certain extent, that
became a important factor in behalf of decision-making about entering of
this ensemble in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
