У статті висвітлено неологізаційні процеси в лексичному
складі сучасної української літературної мови. Проаналізовано
причини виникнення новацій й основні шляхи поповнення лексичного
фонду неологізмами, зокрема внаслідок запозичень з інших мов,
шляхом словотворення та модифікації семантичного значення.
Схарактеризовано структурні, семантичні та функціональні
особливості нових слів у медіатекстах.
Having spread around the world, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused
an increase in the number of neologisms both in Ukrainian and in other
languages. In the first place, it happened due to extralinguistic factors –
specific features of the infectious disease itself as well as the unprecedented
social practices which have become a new method of adaptation to the
present day circumstances. Language has promptly reacted to large-scale
changes in the world and the society: new words and word combinations
denoting the phenomena, objects and notions unknown before have
appeared; the modification of the semantics of certain common words has
taken place; the sphere of usage of some specialized terms has broadened.
Globalization processes and a tendency towards language unification
have facilitated the spread of terms of international use, neolexemes,
neomorphemes, which is indicative of the emergence of the common
international vocabulary. English borrowings have been actively adopted
due to the language practice of mass media (in particular, the electronic
ones), which are dynamic and open to innovation, and, as is the case with
social networks, enable the communication of a great number of people of
various nationalities, ages and social status.
Thus, neologisms are social markers of transformations, typical of the
society in a globalized world. Renovation of the vocabulary is happening
by means of adoption of foreignisms, predominantly of the English origin,
international terms, which are replenishing terminology subsystems, in
particular the ones of healthcare and administration, etc.; by means of
word-formation using borrowed derivation tools; due to the activation
of the processes of extending the semantics of already familiar words. A
considerable amount of new words will not enter the general vocabulary as
upon the conclusion of the Covid-19 pandemic they will be excluded from
the active use and transferred to the corpus of historical words of the epoch
which will become the evidence of the period of the quarantine measures
and self-isolation of the citizens, and some words will be returned to a
specialized sphere of use.
