For a fixed real number ρ > 0, let L be an affine line of slope ρ ⁻¹ in R ² . We show that the closest approximation of L by a path P in Z ² is unique, except in one case, up to integral translation. We study this ...

We determine the rings for which every hereditary torsion theory is an S-torsion theory in the sense of Komarnitskiy. We show that such rings admit a primary decomposition. Komarnitskiy obtained this result in the special ...