Ольвийская тирания, «скифский протекторат» и некоторые вопросы социально-политической и экономической истории Ольвийского полиса позднеархаического и раннеклассического времени

Abstract

In the article, certain questions devoted to historic development of Olbio Polis in Late Archaic and Early Classic periods are under review. The main problems in study of the most important in State History chronological period are covered. Its investigation is dramatized by two current opposite handlings in study of Olbio History. There are points of principle in Greek-Barbarian relationship in basis. The fundamental viewpoints in reference to some historic, social, political, economic reconstruction, ethnic and demographic models, territorial and structural state genesis are communicated and analyzed. On carry out of earlier elaborations and taking into account the modern ones, the author concludes about the necessity of further handling of study the Olbio History not as elementary trade and economic trans agent for rules of Scythia with prevail barbarian population, but as a classic Ancient Greek Polis with its traditional for Ancient Greeks social way of life, economic, cultural and social spheres. Special attention is given to the period of tyrannical governance in the second half of 5th century BC. In the basis of the number of findings, basing on archaeology data, the author concludes the most probable time for establishment the tyrannical Polis rule - the end of 2nd* quarter - the middle of 5th century BC. The brief emission of silver Eminac's stater is associated with the rule of tyranny in Olbio. Also the reality of existing as called "Scythian protectorate*' in Polis is disputed.