Universal Electro-Optical Hybrid Logic Gates

Abstract

An Electro-Optical Hybrid Logic Gate is defined as a circuit which accepts either electrical or optical signals and produces both electrical and optical signals. This paper explores the feasibility to develop universal hybrid NOR and NAND gates which can be used for implementing any basic gate like AND, OR, or any complex logic function. These hybrid logic gates are proposed and implemented using phototransistors and LEDs. The logic circuits are found to be working satisfactorily for the defined logic levels.