Конституційні засади організації органів державної влади в сучасній Україні

Abstract

В статті подано характеристику основоположних демократичних принципів організації державної влади. Також зроблений аналіз порядку організації вищих органів державної виконавчої влади в Україні. Надзвичайно важливе місце у процесах становлення державних органів України посідає реформа правової та політичної системи.

В статье дана характеристика основных демократических принципов организации государственной власти. Также сделан анализ порядка организации высших органов государственной исполнительной власти в Украине. Очень важное место в процессах становления государственных органов Украины занимает реформа правовой и политической системы.

The article contains description of the basic democratic principles of government organization. Also an analysis of organization order of higher state executive power in Ukraine is made. After the declaration of independence, Ukraine faced the problem of society reform. The reform of legal and political system takes an extremely important place in the reforming process. Among the factors that contributed its acceleration, the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukraine’s accession to the Council of Europe in November 1995 and the need to meet the obligations, assumed by our country, played an important role. The article notes that Ukrainian society is still in front of civilizational choice, it is going through a historic turning point, the essence of which lies in the transition from one qualitative state to another, from monopoly of one ownership form to multistructure economy, from social relations based on totalitarianism, on the principles of authoritarian state to a model based on new principles of social development. Since independence actually the reproduction of the Soviet model of administrative system has been done in Ukraine. Essential discrepancy to it of some new institutions does not allow them to reveal their constructive capabilities. Many structures are in a state of continuous principle reorganization. The existing administrative apparatus is unable to ensure the effective functioning of the government machinery and, in a civilized level, to perform its basic function – public services. Not only the efficiency of the legislative process but also the validity of adopted legislative acts is reduced to a minimum. That is why in the article the emphasis is done on the need for administrative reform. An important factor in overcoming the transformation crisis of Ukrainian society is to create a modern and effective system of governance. Existing in Ukraine system of government is generally ineffective, it is internally inconsistent, incomplete, cumbersome and detached from people, so that existing governance has become an obstacle to economic and social and political reforms. The article states that to achieve the goal of legal and political reform in the course of carrying out a number of tasks must be solved: – formation of an effective executive power at central and local levels of government; – establishment of modern municipal government; – implementation of the new ideology of executive authority and municipal government as activities ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, state and public service delivery; – organization of new principles of public service and service in municipal government bodies; – implementation of rational administrative and territorial division. The article states that the priority principle of organization and development of state authorities is the principle of division of government into 3 branches that means equality and independence of each of them. The essence of this principle provides a mechanism of government, which does not allow the usurpation of power in the same hands. It should be mentioned that the principle of division of power requires mutual control of all branches and close and comprehensive cooperation, without which the formation and functioning of public authorities in Ukraine is impossible.