Философская утопия в пьесе В. Шекспира «Буря»

Abstract

статье прослеживается как утопические идеи эпохи Шекспира воплотились в трагикомедии «Буря»; каким образом герои пьесы решают грандиозные задачи, перестраивают мир так, чтобы человеку в нем жилось правильно, красиво и счастливо.

У статті простежується як утопічні ідеї епохи Шекспіра втілилися в трагікомедії «Буря»; яким чином герої п’єси вирішують грандіозні завдання, перебудовують світ так, щоб людині в ньому жилося правильно, красиво і щасливо.

The paper is traced how utopian ideas of Shakespeare’s epoch embodied in tragicomedy “The Tempest”; how the characters of this play decide grand tasks and rearrange the world. The article describes how Shakespeare creates a world of imagination and illusion: a competition between the “real world” and the “new world”. Through this play an important idea can be seen and understood: Utopianism. A Utopian society is basically a society, which has surpassed aggression, war, hate, and crime while establishing “peaceful” and orderly communities. A Utopian society could not exist with the individuality that nature has bestowed on the human race. As long as humans remain unique in their state of mind, utopia is a mere fantasy. Utopia is a nonexistent, but absolutely perfect place, as we can see from the book by Sir Thomas More “Utopia”. In the Tempest, Shakespeare allows the audience to appreciate the possibilities of utopian society and whatever this may possess. The Tempest can be thus seen as a window into the dimensions of utopian societies. While his characters take on the role of the leaders of the utopian societies, Shakespeare uses his creation to portray the social questions and beliefs of society of how a utopian environment should be. Though all of the characters have a different image of “utopia”, two of these characters have an almost similar image of it. Gonzalo and Prospero both think of the island as their “utopia”. Prospero thinks of it as the place he is king and reigns over and has complete dominion over. Gonzalo thinks of it as a commonwealth where he crowns himself king also but later he sums up the reasoning of a stateless state in the phrase, “No sovereignty”, which means no one will have dominion over anyone else. Gonzalo corrects his outlines of a utopia and he allows himself to become the king over the island just long enough to abolish both kingship and sovereignty. Prospero only uses part of the guidelines for a utopian society. He doesn’t believe that everyone is equal.