К вопросу о применении качественных методов в социологии, или Какой опыт мы изучаем?

Abstract

The quality methods in sociology are especially efficacious within frameawork of researching the hidden and unpublic side of human life. The paper is devoted to problems of quality methods choice. In this context, the most important problem is to understand the logic of requirements to technique used in different methods. The author analyzes the differences of situations of quality methods application. Beginning from description of three methods choice criteria, such as level of the experience prevalence, level of its publicity and level of its reflectiveness, she shows: (1) the differences between the spheres of private, non-private and public life experience; (2) the levels of experience prevalence, i.e. the unique experience, the plural non-standard experience, and the plural standard experience. These features of analyzed situation explain the strategies of methods choice. Hence, the features of situations are determining the differences of research techniques. F.e., the non structured interview is more effective in study of unique private experience, whereas the structured interview – in study of plural standard public experience. The main value of the offered approach to substantiation of interview typology can be resumed in displacing an accent from the peculiarities of procedure to peculiarities of individual or group experience.