Соціальні зміни зайнятості в Україні: соціологічний вимір впливу на якість трудового життя

Abstract

Проаналізовано основні характеристики зайнятості в Україні на основі даних національних щорічних моніторингових соціологічних обстежень. Зроблено висновки щодо найбільш важливих вітчизняних особливостей зайнятості в контексті їх впливу на якість трудового життя, визначено пріоритетні напрями політики у сфері зайнятості та ринку праці.

Проанализированы основные характеристики занятости в Украине на основе данных национальных ежегодных мониторинговых социологических обследований. Сделаны выводы относительно наиболее важных отечественных особенностей занятости в контексте их влияния на качество трудовой жизни, определены приоритетные направления политики в сфере занятости и рынка труда.

The labour provides a person the opportunity to realize their own abilities and achieve the proper level of satisfaction of its material, social and other needs. Employment is one of the fundamental elements of the labour market and the factors of forming quality of working life. The quality of life has a significant impact on the socialization of the individual directly in the workplace. Sociological data allows investigating these relationships in the system of quality of working life as an integral concept, which fully characterizes of well-being and social development of man. The aim of this research is to identify the most important social changes in employment as a fundamental element of national labour market and theirs impact on the quality of working life and highlighting priority issues of policy in this field. The data of annual national monitoring study of population demonstrated that the shift of employment structure in Ukraine reflect the redistribution of labour from the public to the private sector dealing with the development of market economy and the effects of deindustrialization and the crisis of social infrastructure. Workplaces are characterized by low potential for professional development of employees and the quality of employment. One of the defining features of the national labour market is the deficit of high-quality, high-performance workplaces. This significantly limits the ability of economic agents to satisfy their social needs and the abilities of society to ensure adequate quality of life. Overcoming defined negative trend in the sphere of labour and employment requires the implementation of state policy measures on: establishment of mechanisms for economic promotion for employers to create new workplaces and highly innovative employment in high-tech industries; implementation of international standards in quality management, encourage employers to introduction of social reporting and social responsibility of business; formation of the National Qualifications Framework as a tool for balance the interests of the labour market, education and training system, implementation of evaluation of education results and the mechanisms of acquisition and recognition of qualifications; rejection of the concept of cheap labour, the determination of the minimum wage on the application of the evaluation method in conjunction with the establishment of the basic state social standard subsistence wage based on rational consumer budget.