Критерії прийнятного ризику від дії атмосферних забруднень в умовах експлуатації автотранспорту

Abstract

Indices of ambient air pollution with main components of motor exhaust gases in location of 161 streets in the city of Kyiv, and also in the cabin of automobiles, and at the territories of motor transport enterprises were determined. At the territories near the highways the total danger indices (ecological risk) were calculated by means of determination of the sum of the relationships of factual concentrations of separate components of exhaust gases to their limiting allowable (or referent) concentrations. The Kyiv streets were ranged by the value of danger indices: the central city streets were at the first place. It was determined, that mortal effects from the exposure of exhaust gases were possible only in the incidents. In conditions of intensive motor traffic (over 7000-1000 automobile/year) a risk of the increase of total morbidity of population (especially of the system of blood circulation and nervous system, in occupational conditions - the respiratory system) is possible. Limiting allowable concentrations of priority components are advisably used as a health risk assessment criterion from the exhaust gases exposure. Exhaut gases concentrations that picked up the smell and caused the development of discomfort (for petrol engine at the level of 6 mg/m3, for diesel engine 4,4 mg/ m3) were offered as a criterion of admissible risk.