Экологическая характеристика хлебной жужелицы (Zabrus tenebrioides Gоеrе) и обоснование сроков борьбы с ней

Abstract

В результате проведения полевых наблюдений и лабораторных опытов установлены факторы, влияющие на развитие хлебной жужелицы, а также сроки ее развития и наибольшей вредоноаности. На основании результатов исследования даются рекомендации относительно сроков проведения химической борьбы с вредителем.

It is established that the sum of temperatures in May is a factor regulating the time of beetle appearance in nature. Nutrition with ripening seeds lasts for 40—45 days. When feeding on the shoots of seeds fall the vitality and fertility of the beetles sharply decrease. With the soil moisture deficit the eggs are laid deeper, and embryonic and postembryonic development of larvae is delayed. Time of crops damage in autumn and spring is closely connected with the state of weather during these periods. When precipitation is sufficient in autumn, the harmful effect of the larvae is over mainly in autumn. When the larvae begin hibernation being at a junior age they cause many damages in spring. In the period of stable rise in temperature the larvae can renew nutrition in winter, but their development, as a rule, is not observed. In Zabrus tenebrioides Goez e control an application of agricultural chemicals is the most effective against young larvae, i. e. in autumn. If the control is necessary in spring it should be conducted in early period not postponing up to the time of pronymph formation.