dc.description.abstract |
This short review of the enormous mass of lexis (only briefly outlined here) that came to Ukrainian
as a result of its long contacts with the languages of various tribes and nations allows to make
several conclusions. Firstly, it is mostly nouns — names of objects and concepts, terms from different
areas of science, technology, and art — that were, and still are, borrowed. Secondly, it is exactly
their nature as names of objects and technical concepts that causes the semantic stability of many
loan words in Ukrainian. In terms of their semantic structure, they tend to have one meaning only (eg,
лотос, фараон, іслам, мечеть, домра, комиш, повидло, скроня, обценьки, пляшка, шніцель,
літера, пацієнт, стагнація, ігумен, ботаніка, велосипед, кашне, макарони, какао, трамвай,
регбі, кептар, чардаш, фіорд, янтар etc.)
At the same time, adjusting themselves to the new language, many borrowings, even technical
ones, come to be used in a transferred meaning, and so gradually become, due to the growth and complication
of their semantic structure, polysemantic words (frequently as terms from various fields of
science): аномалія, арматура, блок, блокада, бункер, декларація, ізоляція, інтервал, консул,
контакт, культура, матриця, механізм, полігон, тип, школа тощо. |
uk_UA |