У статті робиться спроба локалізації першої в Україні тютюнової мануфактури, яка діяла у м. Охтирка у першій половині ХVIII століття.
Під час дослідження даного питання були використані як історичні, так і топонімічні, картографічні, ґрунтознавчі та археологічні джерела, що дало можливість більш точно визначити місце
зародження першого центру тютюнового виробництва в Україні.
The article attempts to localize the first tobacco manufactory in Ukraine, which
operated in Okhtyrka in the first half of the 18th century.
The process of creating a manufacturing industry began in Ukraine in the early
modern times. One of such industrial facilities was the first tobacco manufactory
in Ukraine, founded in Okhtyrka. The Russian King Peter I drew attention to the
territory of Okhtyrka region as a possible place for growing tobacco from foreign
seed material, and by his order the introduction of tobacco production began here
in a short time. Okhtyrka Tobacco Manufactory began its activities in 1718 (19)
and worked until 1759.
In the memoirs of the Yakov Markovych, a specific place of growing and
processing of Okhtyrka tobacco is mentioned – it is the city meadows. Directly
related to tobacco production is a tract called «Manufactory», which residents
identify with the area between the modern streets Mishechkina and Shyroka,
near the bus station. This allows to more accurately determine the location of the
tobacco factory in Okhtyrka.
They are fully consistent with the localization of tobacco production in the tract
«Manufactory» and information about the establishment of the Okhtyrka Tobacco
Manufactory directly on one of the areas for grazing cattle on the outskirts of the
city. The corresponding free territory can be found on the plan of Okhtyrka in 1787
in the southern part of the tract near Lake Moshenkove.
The tobacco plantations themselves could stretch further in the south-eastern
direction, because in this part of the city the more suitable for growing tobacco
soils – Okhtyrka levadas – began. Outside the city, tobacco plantations may have
continued from the eastern outskirts of Okhtyrka. Ceramic material of the 18th
century originates from the territory in the Manufactory tract, which testifies to
the lively economic activity in this area.
