Політична карикатура на шпальтах окупаційної преси: Чернігівська область (1941–1943 рр.)

Abstract

Стаття присвячена з’ясуванню ролі і місця політичної карикатури у формуванні інформаційного простору на території Чернігівської області в роки Другої світової війни. Аналіз візуальних образів, розміщених на сторінках окупаційної преси, сприяє розкриттю концепції ідеологічних маніпуляцій нацистського режиму, дозволяє оцінити їхній вплив на процес формування архетипів сприйняття як на населення окупованої України, так і на сучасників.

The article is devoted to the clarification of the political caricature’s role and position in the forming of the informational space on the Chernihiv region territory during World War II. In 1941-1943 the occupation authorities published 7 newspapers in Chernihiv, Nizhyn, Pryluky, Snovsk, Ostry, Semenivka, Novhorod-Siverskyi. We find caricatures in 123 issues of 469. Most of the images are in the «Ukrainske Polissia» (53 issues), «Nizhynski visti» (30), and «Visti Pryluchchyny» (23). Newspapers promptly introduced readers to the front lines, orders and announcements of the occupation administration and orders of the German command. The analysis found that the publication of the occupation media had a clear anti-Soviet and anti-Semitic orientation. Some caricatures were used for purely tactical reasons, directing the incitement of international enmity. The rest images orientation was more distant, strategic objectives, which was to discredit the Soviet leadership as reckless and criminal. The occupation press ridiculed the anti-Hitler coalition figures (Stalin, Roosevelt, Cherchill), the inability of the Allies to withstand the German military units and secure the admission of the Lend-Lease program. Based on the moral and psychological and ideological stereotypes of marginalized group Ukrainian society Nazi propaganda exploited the worst traits and feelings, directing them to support the awful terror. The analysis of the visual images on the pages of the occupational press helps to reveal the concept of ideological manipulations of the Nazi regime. It also helps to evaluate their influence on the forming of the perception archetypes of both people of occupied Ukraine and people who live nowadays.