Актуальні питання стану справ у сфері охорони культурної спадщини в Україні

Abstract

У статті розглядаються та аналізуються особливості стану справ у сфері охорони культурної спадщини в Україні. Зокрема, охарактеризовано недоліки в сучасному пам’яткоохоронному законодавстві, управлінській вертикалі органів охорони культурної спадщини, кадровій політиці, фінансуванні та ефективності діяльності вказаної сфери.

The article discusses and analyzes the characteristics of the state of affairs in the sphere of cultural heritage protection in Ukraine. In particular, it is characterized by deficiencies in modern monument protection legislation, management structure of the authorities of cultural heritage protection, personnel policy, financing and performance of the aforementioned sectors. Today in Ukraine there is no single register of objects of cultural heritage: we don’t know how many objects of cultural heritage we have, and in what areas. The electronic registers will not be created, while the legislation in the sphere of cultural heritage protection is not reformed. Under current laws, all accounting processes, which are held for museums and parks, are analog and maintained in paper. In Ukraine there is no single law that covered all aspects of cultural heritage protection, but there are a number of legislative and regulatory acts relating to the management of objects with separate legislation. It is immovable monuments of culture, archaeological, museum, archives, natural heritage. Monument protection activities are regulated by normative legal acts of various branches of law, including: constitutional, civil, administrative, land and special monument protection that is in the process of constant reform and harmonization. The national monument protection law is slowly formed as a branch of education. In addition, upon ratification of the international instruments Ukraine has assumed certain obligations that have continued to bring national monument protection legislation in line with contemporary international law. The lack of a uniform principle of formation of bodies of protection of cultural heritage in the structure of local state administrations does not allow for the proper level to carry out state administration in the sphere of cultural heritage protection, which deprives monument protection organizes the sphere of influence in the regions. Every branch, field, industry of the Ukrainian culture (or humanitarian environment as a whole) can share a huge list of issues that have been accumulated. But there is something that they all share – the shortage of personnel. It’s the people who can shape and implement policy in the sphere of culture, write, execute and control strategies; people who can create and measure, store and analyze; people with specialized education and competencies that are highly valued in the community and in society as a whole. Public funding is ineffective because it is insufficient and does not have a systemic nature: resources are distributed, and the vast majority of cultural heritage remains in an unusable state. A key disadvantage of existing cultural heritage conservation practices is the significant reduction of public impact on conservation issues. In fact, members of the public are shied away from real control over the actions of state structures and influence over key decision-making, especially at the local level. There is an objective need to strengthen the status of conservation monument protection public organizations in Ukrainian law. In particular, there is a need to restore the powers of the Ukrainian Society for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Monuments in the field of control over the observance of the law on monuments protection and the initiation of appropriate protective measures.