Укріплене поселення (городище) епохи фінальної бронзи Дикий Сад у місті Миколаєві

Abstract

У статті розглядаються основні археологічні артефакти укріпленого поселення (городища) Дикий Сад. Серед них найбільш значимими є залишки архітектурних споруд (житлові, господарські, культові та оборонні) та предмети матеріальної культури (керамічний посуд, вироби з бронзи, предмети з рогу, кістки та каміння).

The most prominent archaeological site of the Steppe Lands region during the final bronze time is the fortified settlement (fortress) of the Dikiyi Sad, which was opened in 1927 by F.T. Kaminsky. The hill fort is located in historic center of modern Nikolaev on the high terrace of the left bank of the mouth of the river Ingul, in the place of its merger with the river Southern Bug. During many years of excavation were opened various architectural buildings, ceramic ware, hundreds of bronze, horns, animal bones and stones on the territory of the settlement. According to the structural features, the settlement consisted of a «citadel», «suburban» and «post» enclosed by a moat that was located outside the external moat. The architectural buildings were arranged in a line along the river Ingul and practically adjoined each other, creating a single architectural complex. In the period of prosperity (XII-XI centuries BC), a clear system of urban planning with the availability of residential, economic, ritual-religious and defense structures is formed within it, which gives reason to consider the Dikiyi Sad not a simple village, but a proto-minister. Material culture, by the kinds and types of objects, is traditional for the population of bilozerskaya cultures, although there is a significant influence of western cultures of the time of the final bronze. The main types of economic activity of the Dikiyi Sad’s population were agriculture, cattle-breeding and handicraft production (pottery, fossil, wood-processing, and bronze-plating). In view of the main archaeological indicators, it is quite possible to state that the site of the Dikiyi Sad served as a function of the cultural-religious, commercial and economic center of the southern part of the Eastern European region and was an important strategic center in the steppe region of the Prut and Don rivers with a ramified system of social-economic and cultural relations with the population of the surrounding territories of the acumen. Considering these facts, the Dikiyi Sad deserves further research and preservation of it as an open-air museum.

В статье рассматриваются основные археологические артефакты укрепленного поселения (городища) Дикий Сад. Среди них наиболее значимыми выступают остатки архитектурных сооружений (жилые, хозяйственные, культовые и оборонительные) и предметы материальной культуры (керамическая посуда, изделия из бронзы, предметы из рога, кости и камня).