Формализованные онтологические модели в научных исследованиях

Abstract

Рассмотрены проблемы, связанные с построением онтологий, тезаурусов и консенсуса в понимании интерпретации концептов предметной области, для которой строится такая онтология.

Розглянуто проблеми, пов’язані з побудовою онтологій, тезаурусів і консенсусу в розумінні інтерпретації концептів предмет ної області, для якої будується така онтологія.

In the paper consider some problems connected to building ontologies, thesauruses and achieving of consensus in understanding of interpretation of concepts from ontology for a given domain. In first part discusses of similarities and differences between ontologies and thesauruses. As a result of such discussion is the ontology and thesaurus mast complements to each other In second part of paper consider problems of knowledge consistency derived from natural language text or another sources of information. For knowledge presentation are used corresponding predicates or relations. The consistency problem of knowledge defines as constraint satisfaction problem over given domain D by using interpretation of concepts in this domain D. Consistence problem may be not solved over domain D, because some information is absences or set of predicates are inconsistency. This situations are discussed. In third part of paper considered set of functions and operations over ontologies. For representation of hierarchy of ontology’s concepts is used directed graph (more precisely hyper graph). These functions and operations are divided on set of functions and operations on graph and functions and operations of administrative character. In four part of paper such functions and operations are demonstrated by examples. In five part of paper is described same implementations of ontologies by using languages OWL, OWL2, RDF and so on. In conclusion the future of applications of ontologies are described. In special case the main attention give a role of ontologies in transdisciplinery sciences researches.