Повоєнні репресії проти селян України (1944–1953)

Abstract

Статтю присвячено дослідженню теми повоєнних репресій проти селянства України. На основі раніше опублікованих джерел та архівних матеріалів автор висвітлив політичні, економічні та духовні аспекти трагічних подій, що мали безумовний вплив на подальший розвиток українського села. Показано шляхи формування репресивної політики, участь у ній державних органів влади, партійних, радянських та правоохоронних органів.

Статья посвящена исследованию темы послевоенных репрессий против крестьянства Украины. На основании раннее опубликованных источников и архивных материалов автор высветил политические, экономические и духовные аспекты трагических событий, что имели безусловное влияние не дальнейшее развитие украинского села. Показаны пути формирования репрессивной политики, участь в ней государственных органов власти, партийных, советских и правоохранительных органов.

The article is devoted to the research of post-war repressions against the peasantry of Ukraine. The author ascertained the political, economic and spiritual aspects of tragic events that had absolute influence on further development of the Ukrainian village on the basis of previously published sources and archived materials. Ways of repressive politics forming, participating of public authorities, police, party and soviet institutions in it were shown. It was proven that repression touched all the layers of society in the post-war years, including peasants. The amount of the arrested peasants in post-war years is considerably greate than workers according to the annual statistical reports of NKDB. The author defined that the main forms of post-war repressions were eviction, criminal responsibility, sending to the camps. After war many peasants, taken out to Germany, found oneself on the rights of repatriates and were sent to camps as «traitors of motherland». Peasants were forced to work 10–11 hours a day. They were made to buy government bonds of loans that devastated their incomes. Being a member of a collective farm or state farm, absence of the right to live and deportation returned peasants to serfdoms times. In the article the analysis of realization of the second wave of dekulakization is given. It reminded the dekulakization in 1930 – expropriation of grain, appeasement of hunger, increase of state reservs and export of bread, deportation of rebellious to remote areas. The collectivization of agriculture in Western Ukraine in post-war years was conducted by violent methods.Wealthy peasants were made to choose between joining the collective farm or sending to Siberia. Families of dekulakizated people were evicted to the east districts of USSR.