Трансформація концепції збереження культурної спадщини людства у міжнародних відносинах

Abstract

У статті проаналізовано основні етапи становлення концепції захисту культурної спадщини до середини ХХ століття, показана еволюцію підходів до вирішення проблеми захисту культурних цінностей як в мирний період, так і в період воєн і конфліктів, досліджено основні напрямки діяльності Ліги Націй у сфері захисту культурної спадщини, представлені базові ідеї «Пакту Реріха».

В статье проанализированы основные этапы становления концепции защиты культурного наследия до середины ХХ столетия, показана эволюцию подходов к решению проблемы защиты культурных ценностей как в мирный период, так и в период войн и конфликтов, исследованы основные направления деятельности Лиги Наций в сфере защиты культурного наследия, представлены базовые идеи «Пакта Рериха».

In the article, the case in point is the safeguarding of cultural heritage, the notion that has recently entered the policy agenda of many actors in international relations. The author focuses on an increased attention to the problems of civilization progress triggered by new threats to the world’s cultural heritage that influenced greatly the approaches to safeguarding cultural heritage by both international organizations, and world states. The author identifies cultural heritage protection, development of effective approaches to its safeguarding as one of the top priorities of domestic and foreign policy of contemporary Ukraine. The author keeps on analyzing historical contexts of existing conceptual bases of the phenomenon of cultural heritage, giving arguments to the potential of human development and the need for safeguarding the most important resources of civilization, promoting their efficient use, making an accent on theoretical and practical understanding of the concept of cultural heritage in the contemporary world. The role of safeguarding cultural heritage has been researched and given scientific arguments on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of the international system protecting cultural heritage, its functioning in international relations. Basing on theoretical and empirical data, the author has classified the approaches to safeguarding and promoting cultural heritage in international relations, its peculiarities and differences in protecting and preserving cultural heritage in the contemporary world, paying attention to the world culture development, rapid growth of economic, industrial, financial, social and political development of the world as well the role of cultural factors in these processes. The analysis made by the author of essential problems with regard to safeguarding cultural heritage in international relations enables to formulate offers concerning a possible improvement of the efficiency of cultural heritage protection with an accent on special attention to institutions maintaining cultural and historical contacts, ensuring continuous cultural feedback of individuals and a human society in the civilized world. The research undertaken by the author concerning the functions and practices of safeguarding cultural heritage does its bit to form the basis to new approaches to understanding, protecting and respecting cultural heritage of humanity.