Культурні рефлексії етнічних гендерних стереотипів (на прикладі греків-цалкінців Харкова)

Abstract

Аналізуються усталені гендерні ролі, які притаманні субетнічній спільноті греків - цалкінців та визначаються зміни у їх ставленні до власних етнічних традицій в урбанізованому середовищі. Досліджено специфіку статево-рольової ідентифікації в середовищі греків – цалкінців, визначено чинники, які її обумовили: історично сформована модель родини, звичаї та культурні норми, що регулюють статеві стосунки, а також усталені погляди щодо місця жінки та чоловіка в суспільстві.

Анализируются устоявшиеся гендерные роли, которые присущи субэтнической общности греков-цалкинцев и определяются изменения в их отношении к собственным этническим традициям в урбанизированной среде. Исследована специфика гендерно - ролевой идентификации в среде греков - цалкинцев, определены факторы, которые ее обусловили: исторически сложившаяся модель семьи, обычаи и культурные нормы, регулирующие половые отношения, а также устоявшиеся взгляды на место женщины и мужчины в обществе.

Gender roles in the unique sub-ethnic community of Greeks – Tsalkins are characterized. The changes in their attitudes towards their own ethnic traditions in the urban environment were identified. The specific of sex-role identification among Greeks – Tsalkins is determined and factors that influenced on them are defined (a family model, which was historically generated, customs and cultural norms that regulate sexual relations and stereotypes about the women and men place in society). The conclusion about the destruction of gender stereotypes in this ethnic group under the influence of urban culture is made. The changes in attitude to gender roles among Greeks – Tsalkins were caused by the number of factors (women have more opportunities to get an education in the large city, working women get financial independence from men), that stimulate the change of attitude about the place of women in the family. Destruction of patriarchal framework promotes by modern tradition of young family settling apart from their parents. Young wife is able to introduce new rules in her new family; she does not follow the tradition of her mother-in-low and lives beyond her control. However, the stereotype about a man as the breadwinner of the family remains fairly stable. But in our days the men begin to fulfill their "woman's" work: they help women in the household, in parenting, consult with her about important issues. Thus, we can conclude that the stability of patriarchal attitudes in Greeks – Tsalkins society is still strong. But the younger generation of Greeks, natives of Tsalka District in Georgia, gradually undermine the principles that were the basic of the family traditions of the Greeks community in the Caucasus. However, in our time the main characteristic feature of this sub-ethnic group culture is the cultivation of patriarchal gender stereotypes. This is justified by reference to their familiarity. The verbal clichés like "it was always", "as our ancestors lived", "as happened for a long time" are common in representatives of this ethnic group dialogues. But today's society demands another gender standards, which is aimed at approving of both sexes values. The traditions, which for centuries have been designed to promote accountability woman by man, Gradually lost in Greek – Tsalkins ethnic group.