Значимость суфийских обителей и тарикатов в турецкой ашыкской поэзии XVI – XVII веков

Abstract

В статье рассматриваются хронология развития суфийских обителей и тарикатов, их функциональность и роль в Османском государстве, а также влияние на ашыкскую поэзию XVI – XVII веков. Начиная с XIII-XIV столетий, социально-политические условия на территории Анатолийских провинций породили масштабное возникновение суфийских тарикатов.

У статті розглядаються хронологія розвитку суфійських обителей і тарикатів, їх функціональність і роль в Османській державі, а також вплив на ашикську поезію XVI - XVII століть. Починаючи з XIII-XIV століть, соціально-політичні умови на території Анатолийских провінцій породили масштабне виникнення суфійських тарикатов.

Sufism is a mystical religious movement that originated in the depths of folk Islam, has had a significant impact on the religious theosophy, poetry, art and architecture. By integrating the traditions of many local and regional cultures, he also managed to adapt to the pre-Islamic religious faiths and beliefs. Progression of Sufi thought in the Turkic states was of noble character. Sufi monastery and tariqahs played a unifying role between Islamic beliefs and the existing Turkic culture. Тhe article depicts the chronology of development of sufi orders and tariqats and their functional role in Ottoman State as well as their influence on ashyk poetry of XVI – XVII centuries. Since the XIII-XIV centuries, social and political conditions in the Anatolian provinces have created large-scale emergence of Sufi tarikats. Occurred in the structure of Islamic society as an institution of public education, Tekke, on the one hand, is an institution other than the mosques and madrassas, on the other hand, was carried out in the course of business, a lot of social functions. Is known to the development trend of Sufi clan continues until the first half of the XVII century, and then spread to the Balkans. Sufi monastery with the intention to develop their ideas in society as fully used literary and linguistic characteristics of the population. After Islamization of Anatolia ashyks tradition comes under the influence of Sufi layers, which have become an integral part of the masses.