Документи березневого (1965 р.) пленуму ЦК КПРС як важливе джерело в дослідженні аграрної історії

Abstract

Введено в научный оборот и проанализированы рассекреченные архивные документы ЦК КПСС, материалы мартовского (1965 г.) пленума ЦК КПСС, включая Стенографический отчет. Привлечение новых архивных документов, ранее не исследованных источников, позволяет дать более объективную информацию об аграрной политике государства, развитии сельского хозяйства в стране и Украине, воссоздавать правдивую аграрную историю второй половины ХХ века. Одновременно выявить основные проблемы развития аграрного сектора экономики.

Введено до наукового обігу і проаналізовано розсекречені архівні документи ЦК КПРС, матеріали березневого (1965 р.) пленуму ЦК КПРС, включаючи Стенографічний звіт. Залучення нових архівних документів, раніше не досліджених джерел, дозволяє дати більш об’єктивну інформацію про аграрну політику держави, розвиток сільського господарства в країні і Україні, відтворити правдиву аграрну історію другої половини ХХ століття. Одночасно виявлено основні проблеми розвитку аграрного сектора економіки.

Declassification of the CPSU Central Committee archive documents including the materials of the plenums and the Agricultural department of the CPSU Central Committee makes it possible for researchers to reproduce a more true-to-life, objective agricultural history of the country, the Ukraine of the second half of the XX century, although the access to the 1965-1991 documents of the CPSU Central Committee Political Bureau kept in the Russian Federation President Archive has been so far reduced. Among a great number of archive documents there are some of greater scientific significance such as the 1965 March CPSU Central Committee plenum which not only criticized N. S. Khrushchev’s agricultural policy but determined the state policy in agriculture for a long period. Later, to raise L. I. Brezhnev’s political authority, this was defined as «the new agricultural policy». The greatest in volume informative and statistic materials for the CPSU Central Committee plenum were prepared by the agricultural department of the USSR State Planning Committee. The major work to prepare about 20 projects of the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers was done by the CPSU Central Committee commission headed by D. S. Polyansky. The CPSU Central Committee archive documents as well as the analysis of the published stenographic report of the 1965 March CPSU Central Committee plenum allow to objectively estimate the country’s agriculture state, the Ukraine on the verge of the 1950s-1960s. Besides, they made it possible to reveal the main reasons for Khrushchev’s ruinous agricultural policy and to see the low level of profitability of agricultural production and the financial insolvency of most collective farms. Moreover, they allowed to establish the new directions of the agricultural policy accepted by the 1965 March CPSU Central Committee plenum. This policy included the following: introduction of the permanent plan of government purchases, increase of purchase prices on a number of agricultural products for the 1965-1970 period, financial support of the collective farms, technological advancement in agriculture, changes in the tax policy regarding agricultural enterprises, wage increase for some categories of agricultural employees, etc. The scientific analysis of the declassified archive documents and previously non-published statistics Випуск 11 177 as well as the information of the Ukraine Communist Party Central Committee leader P. E. Shelest on the situation in the agriculture of the Ukraine, on the measures taken by the State and the Party leaders to stimulate technologically and financially the agricultural manufacturing, to protect the economic interests of the republic’s agriculture help enrich the Ukraine’s agricultural history of the second half of the XX century.