Вплив сорбованих нафтопродуктів на поглинання води монтморилонітом

Abstract

Досліджено вплив нафти та дизельного палива на поглинання води бентонітами. Встановлено, що глини, які всотали нафту чи дизельне паливо, мали більшу поглинальну здатність до води, ніж вихідні глини. Водопоглинання зростало зі збільшенням вмісту вуглеводнів у глинах. Виявлено, що внаслідок поглинання дизельного палива бентонітом відбувається зміна текстури глини: упаковка агрегатів стає більш пухкою.

Исследовано влияние нефти и дизельного топлива на поглощение воды бентонитами. Установлено, что глины, впитавшие нефть или дизельное топливо, имели большую поглощающую способность к воде, чем исходные глины. Водопоглощение возрастало с увеличением содержания углеводородов в глинах. Выявлено, что вследствие поглощения дизельного топлива бентонитом происходит изменение текстуры глины: упаковка агрегатов становится более рыхлой.

The effect of oil and diesel oil on the water absorption by bentonites is investigated in the paper. It is found that clay, which absorbed oil or diesel oil, had a greater sorption capacity for water than the original clay. Water uptake rose with an increase in hydrocarbon content in the clay. An increase in water uptake due to absorption of oil and diesel oil by bentonite can be explained on the basis of following considerations. Nonpolar hydrocarbons that are part of the oil and oil products, are absorbed by aggregates, formed due to overlapping crystallites each other. This is due to the fact that the pores in the aggregates are located along the basal planes of crystallites, have more hydro phobic sites than the side edges. The presence of hydrophobic sites on the basal planes is caused by Si—O—Si groups, those charges between silicon and oxygen are completely compensated. Additional hydrophobic sites can be formed in result of the hydration of exchange cations. Water is absorbed by the clay macropores formed due to aggregates association, since on their surface main hydrophilic sites (exchange cations, SiOH and AlOH groups) are located. The absorption of nonpolar hydrocarbon aggregates leads to an increase in their volume. The aggregates expansion causes enhancement of macropore sizes. Since the main amount of hydrophilic sites is contained in macropores, increase in their volume leads to the enhancement of water uptake. As a result of absorption of oil and diesel oil by clays in the presence of water aggregate structure of clays is changing. The arrangement of the aggregates in the clay becomes looser, some clay aggregates break down and there of the macropore sizes increase. The increase in the size of macropores due to absorption of oil and diesel oil by clay leads to the rise in water uptake.