Критерії трудової правосуб’єктності фізичної особи-роботодавця

Abstract

У статті розкриваються основні науково-теоретичні підходи до визначення критеріїв трудової правосуб’єктності фізичної особи-роботодавця. Акцентується увага на моменті виникнення трудової правосуб’єктності у фізичних осіб, які укладають трудові договори з найманими працівниками для роботи в домашньому господарстві чи з іншою метою, яка не передбачає одержання доходів.

В статье раскрываются основные научно-теоретические подходы к определению критериев трудовой правосубъектности физического лица-работодателя. Акцентируется внимание на моменте возникновения трудовой правосубъектности у физических лиц, которые составляют трудовые договора с наемными работниками для работы в домашнем хозяйстве или с другой целью, что не предусматривает получения доходов

The basic theoretical approaches of determining the labor status of the individual are discovered in this article. The legal status analysis of the individual employers was conducted by Pylypenko P. D. in his monograph «The Theory of the Labor Law», where he divides them into two groups: 1) individuals who can realize their right to employment. However, the use of work by others does not foresee the income (people (owners) who use employees to work in the household to care of children, seriously ill members of the family, etc.), 2) individuals, employers, occupations of which requires the use of hired labor force. As to the last category of individual employers, the moment of their personality rise is quite evident. For example, an individual who intends to do business acquires labor personality upon its state registration as a private entrepreneur. Private notaries and lawyers who also have the right to conclude labor contracts with workers become employers in the area of its activity after receiving a certificate. The views of many scientists at the time of personality employment of an individual employer rising were examined. Most scholars of legal personality of an individual employer rising associate it with the entry into the civil personality in full. According to the Civil Code of Ukraine full civil capacity comes from the achievement of 18 years or marriage, or gives to an individual who has reached the age of sixteen and is working by contract of employment or wants to do business, as well as juvenile person who is recorded as a mother or father.In accordance with the Item 2 of Art. 24 of the draft Labor Code of Ukraine the employer may be an individual who has full civil capacity. That is, the developers of the draft Labor Code of Ukraine tied the availability of legal employment of the individual employer with its civil capacity. The civil and labor legal personality of individuals-employers occurs at the same time, but its content does not absorb labor civil legal personality. Therefore an individual can take part in labor relations in the status of the employer since gaining full civil capacity. So persons who can conclude labor contracts with employees are: individuals who have attained the age of eighteen if they are not recognized legally incapable or limited capable and individuals who entered into marriage, as well as individuals who have attained the age of sixteen but work under a contract of employment or engaged in business and juvenile individuals who is recorded as a mother or a father. There are other specific requirements to physical entities, employers who enter into employment contracts with employees for work in the household or for any other purpose that does not guarantee the income does not fixed by the law.