Загальна характеристика державного регулювання діяльності банків в Україні

Abstract

В статті обґрунтовується думка, що вплив на діяльність банків з боку держави для збалансування приватних та публічних інтересів в банківській сфері здійснюється у вигляді регулювання, а також дається визначення поняття державного регулювання діяльності банків.

В статье обосновывается положение, что влияние на деятельность банков со стороны государства для сбалансирования частных и публичных интересов в банковской сфере осуществляется в виде регулирования, а также дается определение понятия государственного регулирования деятельности банков.

State regulation of financial markets — one of the most important and most difficult tasks of the state. Correctly organized financial policy is the most important factor in the successful economic development of any country. The social significance of the banks and their accountability to the society led to the emergence of regulation this sector. Many scholars analyze the financial regulation of the banking sector, but the issue of the state regulation, in our opinion, is given insufficient attention. The article grounded idea that the state influence on the banks activity in order to balance the private and public interests is a regulation. The origins of the state regulation of the banks as business entities of capital market are in the past and improved with the formation of the financial business. The legislation contains no definition of the state regulation of the banks activity, but the term is used. The author of the article analyzes the provisions of the Law of Ukraine «On Financial Services and State Regulation of Financial Services», that the National Bank of Ukraine carries out state regulation of banking services. These provisions are compared with the Law of Ukraine «On National Bank of Ukraine» that the National Bank is a body of the state administration. We present position of scientific irrationality of governance in banking. Banking institutions are not subject to the National Bank of Ukraine, but carry his orders. The author substantiates the position that the impact of the National Bank on the bank is state regulation. The purpose of this regulation is the coordination of private and public interests. Private interests of depositors is the reliability and reasonable cost of services provided. The private interest of the bank get more profits. All of society has an interest in the stability of the entire banking system. Value concept of banking regulation and state regulation of banks activity considered in the paper. Position when these concepts are identified, criticized. Attention is accentuated on the fact that the National Bank of Ukraine carries out state regulation not only banking, and state regulation of banks activity. Because banking is an exclusive list of operations defined by the Law «On Banks and Banking», and the banks activity includes and other financial operations. In all of these operations the bank must comply with provisions of the National Bank of Ukraine. The author determines that the National Bank carries out state regulation of banks activity by: 1) regulation of these relations, 2) maintain a system of refinancing, the national payment system, make recommendations, and 3) issues licenses and monitors compliance with banking laws. As a result, it is concluded that the impact on the bank of the state takes the form of regulation. The state regulation of banks activity is defined as a combination of the legal, organizational and economic measures that the National Bank uses to ensure the stability of the national currency of Ukraine, the stability of the banking system and price stability.