Статуетки серезліївського типу як фактор контактів за доби пізнього енеоліту

Abstract

У зв’язку зі знахідкою нової статуетки серезліївського типу на поселенні майкопської культури «Чекон» в Прикубанні, дається порівняльний аналіз цієї знахідки зі статуетками, відомими в похованнях доби пізнього енеоліту у Дніпро-Бузькому межиріччі та Криму. Автор вважає знахідку з Прикубання якісною імітацією, а посередниками у появі такого типу антропоморфної пластики далеко від основної зони її розповсюдження могло бути мобільне населення, яке залишило на теренах степового Причорномор’я поховання животилівсько-вовчанського типу.

The author analyzes the find of a new clay figurine of the Serezliіvka type at the Maikop culture settlement «Chekon» in the Kuban region. This find can be compared with figurines from burials of the Late Eneolithic in the interfluve of the Dnieper and the Southern Bug rivers. 25 figurines in 10 burials were found in this region. One figurine is known from the Trypillia settlement of Sandraki on the Southern Bug river (period Trypillia C/II). Two figurines are known in the burial on the Black Sea coast and one another in the Crimea. Figurines of the Serzliivka type are typical for the local Dnieper-Bug cultural group of the Late Eneolithic. This local group is characterized by features of the Lower Mikhailivka and Kvitiana cultures, as well as elements of the Latest Trypillia. The character of the clay of the statues is very close to the Tripolye ceramics and is not typical for the steppe ceramic traditions. The figurines have three form options in the design of the head and specific ornamentation of the drawn lines. The author notes the special features in the form, ornament and technology of making a figurine from the settlement «Chekon» in comparison with the Dnieper- Bug region. This figurine is an imitation of «classic» figurines from region between the Dnieper and Southern Bug rivers. The mobile population, which left on the territory of the Black Sea steppe burials of the Zhyvotylivka- Vovchansk type, could be the mediators in the emergence of this type of anthropomorphic sculpture so far from the main zone of its distribution. In this context, it is very important to note that ceramic products were found in the settlement, analogies of which are known in the settlements of Trypillia C/II. These artefakts from the settlement are important for the development of the concept of coexistence of the steppe population of the Late Eneolithic in the context of the development of agricultural societies.