Щодо розповсюдження деяких типів металевих (мідно-бронзових) прикрас в складі поховань ранньої та середньої бронзи степових культур України

Abstract

У статті розглядаються деякі підсумки вивчення окремих типів кованих прикрас, відомих за матеріалами ямної та катакомбних культур — характер їхнього поширення в територіальному і хронологічному діапазонах на теренах України, їхні морфологічні модифікації.

Based on the materials of the Yamnaya and the Catacomb CHC (culture-historical community), the types of forged ornaments of the burial garment, made on the basis of thin copper / bronze plates-beads and hoops, their morphological modifications, position on the garment, spreading in territorial and chronological aspects are analyzed. The quantitative characteristics are given against the background of a representative sample of burials from the main areas of the indicated cultures of Ukraine (tables 1—3). The irregular spreading of these types of jewelry was established, which is explained both by the technical capabilities of production and the specificity of local ethno-cultural traditions. The massifs of the North-Western Black Sea region are distinguished by the quantitative predominance of spikes and small hoops, which emphasizes the special cultural context of the Budjak Culture of the Early Bronze Age in the region. The prevailing trend of their use in the composition of typesetting bracelets is also noted here. These types of jewelry are much less represented in other regions of the Yamnaya CHC, where the prevailing trend is their use in necklaces, hats or hairstyles, and the use of hoops in the decoration of a waist belt. The appearance in burials of the EBA / MBA of rare finds of spiral beads, small items with punch ornaments, hoops-bracelets reflects the desire for a variety of «lamellar» decorations in the context of traditional technologies. Large hoops with punch ornaments are a special type. Being a continuation in the development of symbolic objects of steppe cultures of the Ponto-Ciscaucasian community, they are an innovation of the Early Catacomb tribes of the Northern Black Sea region. The Middle Bronze Age is the time of the appearance of numerous types of cast ornaments, which to a certain extent replace forged ones, which took place mainly in Donets river region with sources of raw materials and close to the advanced technologies foci. Beads are found sporadically in the catacomb burials of Donets river region (Donetsk and Late Catacomb burials) and small hoops are absent. The Ingul Catacomb Culture is distinguished by the presence of small plate ornaments, which reflects the persistent archaism of local metalworking.