Хронологія та періодизація волгодонської бабинської культури

Abstract

Стаття присвячена хронології та періодизації волго-донської бабинської культури. Встановлено, що культура має два етапи розвитку і датується XXII—XX cal. BC.

The article is devoted to establishing the chronology and periodization of the Volga-Don Babyne culture, which is the eastern part of the Babyne cultural circle. VDBC has changed from a «Krivaya Luka cultural group» to a full-fledged culture. An important contribution to this process was made by V. V. Otroshchenko. The basis for establishing the chronology and development of the periodization of VDBC are stratigraphic data, the presence of narrowly dated categories of inventory and a series of radiocarbon dating. Stratigraphic data show that the burials of the VDBC in the mounds follow the catacomb and Poltavka mounds and are covered by the tombs of the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. This fact allows us to date it to the end of the Middle Bronze Age. The sequence of cultures in the Lower Volga region is catacomb / Poltavka — VDBC — chariot cultures. There is a series of stratigraphic connections between the burials of post-catacomb cultural formations, where Babyne burials overlap the Lola ones and vice versa. This also confirms the dating of the VDBC within the post-catacomb horizon. Due to the presence of narrowly dated categories of inventory in the VDBC inventory complex (buckles, a bar with two constrictions, crates, set-arrow-makers, petal and horn beads, a bronze cap of Caucasian origin, etc.) it is possible to develop a two-stage periodization of the culture. Most of the diagnostic inventory belongs to the early stage. Two periods of VDBC correspond to two phases (early and advanced) of the post-catacomb block development. VDBC can be synchronized with the first and second stages of the Lola culture and DDBC, as well as with the first stage of the DPBC. The VDBC radiocarbon database contains 18 dates, of which 7 are AMS dates. All of them show a good degree of convergence, which makes it possible to date the culture of the XXII—XX centuries BC. Comparison of this series with 14C data from the other Babyne cultures and the Lola cultural circle confirms the established synchronization lines.