Домантівське городище в гирлі р. Супій

Abstract

Стаття присвячена результатам пошукових археологічних досліджень 2015—2017 рр. на території с. Домантове Золотоніського району Черкаської області (село відселене в кінці 1950-х рр. у зв’язку з будівництвом Кременчуцького водосховища). Проаналізовано матеріали виявлені, як на території городища так і найближчої округи. Подано детальний опис археологічної пам’ятки. Розглянута теза про можливий варіант локалізації літописної Дубниці у гирлі р. С упій. Наведено аналогії з найближчими фортецями Переяславської землі в гирлах річок Трубіж та Сула — відповідно літописні містечка Устя і Воїнь.

The paper is devoted to the results of exploratory archaeological research in 2015—2017 in the Domantovo village of Zolotonosha district of Cherkasy region (the village was resettled in the late 50s of the XX century due to the construction of the Kremenchuh reservoir). The author considered the thesis about the possible variant of localization of the chronicle Dubnytsia at the mouth of the Supii River. The chronicle city is mentioned in the chronicle in 1155 in the events connected with the Cumans arrival in the Pereiaslav region. N. P. Barsov, M. O. Maksymovych, V. H. Liaskoronskyi, O. M. Andriyashev, L. E. Makhnovets versions of localization of the chronicle Dubnytsia are analyzed. Detailed description of the hillfort and the fortified suburb (posad) is provided. Archaeological materials discovered on the territory of the site were analyzed not only by the author, but also by other researchers (M. F. Ponomarenko and V. F. Pocheptsov). Finds of Old Rus time from the site are presented in the exhibitions of Zolotonosha and Domantovo museums. The localization, discovery and introduction into scientific circulation of the previously unknown site would hardly possible without a detailed manuscript plan of Danylo de Bosket made in 1746. The ancient hillfort is marked in the center of the castle near the Supii River in the form of dominant round hill. Today, the moats from the castle and the suburb (posad) are almost invisible visually but they are clearly visible on satellite images. The detailed description of the topographic situation is provided, according to which the advantage of the waterway over overland in the Domantovo microregion becomes clear. The analogies with the nearest fortresses of the Pereiaslav region in the mouths of the Trubizh and the Sula rivers are provided — respectively the chronicle towns of Ustia and Voin. In addition Domantovo hillfort was the part of the Dnipro defensive line, which included the «Serpent’s Wall» the moat of which faces the Dnipro River. Research results indicate that the Domantovo hillfort arose at the beginning of the XI century, and in the middle of the XII century already represented a significant fortified settlement at the Supii mouth which also served as a pier on the Dnipro-Supii waterways of Pereiaslav region.