Нові дані щодо скіфських золотих аплікацій одягу з курганів біля с. Ольгине Херсонської області

Abstract

Нещодавно відкриті дані змушують внести корективи у вже закріплені в літературі уявлення про аплікації одягу, знайдені під час розкопок групи курганів біля с. Ольгине Горностаївського району Херсонської області. Ця публікація покликана усунути прикру плутанину та, можливо, уточнити дату окремих поховань курганної групи.

Recently revealed data considering gold appliqués series, forced to correct notion, which has already fastened in literature. These artefacts were found during an excavation of a group of barrows near Olhyne village, Hornostaivskyi district, Kherson Oblast. The research was conducted in 1990 by the Kherson Archaeological Expedition led by Anatolii Kubyshev. This publication aimed to eliminate unfortunate confusion and to clarify the date of some graves in the described burial ground. Thus, two garment appliqués, preserved in Archaeological Storage of Institute of Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, that have no provenance information were identified. These two pieces were not published before. Due to a comparison of the Archaeological report and analysis of Storage documentation data, I have managed to find their place of finding. As shown in the article, the openwork appliqué in a form of two-bodied Sphinx was part of headdress decorum from the central grave of Bratoliubivka barrow (the main and biggest mound in the group). One rectangular-shaped plaque with a depiction of lying in crouched pose griffin was found in the grave 5 of the same barrow. In this inlet tomb the wealthy Scythian warrior was buried. The construction time of the barrow and inlaid grave 5 lay in second — early third quarter of the 4th century BCE. Twelve rectangular appliqués with an image of a half-recumbent griffin with crescent-shaped wings were found in the grave 4 barrow 1 of Olhyne group. Previously only one plaque of this series was wrongly published as find from the grave 5 of Bratoliubivka barrow. This unfortunate mistake is now corrected. At the same tomb, 52 rectangular appliqués with the depiction of a lion attacking a doe were found. Therefore, at well-preserved woman grave 4 of barrow 1 near Olhyne village fully decorated hat and veil were placed. This tomb was probably constructed in the second — early third quarter of the 4th century BCE. Considering the modesty of this grave goods, one can only imagine how bright the appliques of a ceremonial garment from the central grave of Bratoliubivka barrow were.