Глухівщина кінця ХVІІІ ст. у документах фонду 206 ЦДІАК України

Abstract

У статті на основі документальних джерел з фонду 206 ЦДІАК України розглянуто процес закріпачення вільного населення на території Глухівського повіту Новгород-Сіверського намісництва. Зауважено, що притягненню у підданство піддавалися не тільки селяни, а й козаки і міщани Глухова. У зв’язку з початком ІV всеросійської ревізії 1781–1787 рр. піддані змушені були вдаватися до різних способів уникнення залежності, у тому числі до масових втеч. Стаття доповнена документами з фонду.

In January 1782, the Novhorod-Siverskyi governorate was inaugurated. This included the lands of the Starodub, Nizhyn and Chernihiv regiments, divided into 11 counties, including Hlukhiv. The main array of sources on the history of the governorship is stored in the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine in Kyiv (TsDIAK), primarily in the fund 206 (Novhorod- Siverskyi governorship). It contains documents of the board for the years 1782–1797. There are 12,500 cases, the description of which is contained in five volumes. The fund stores various cases (Senate decrees, reports, statements, letters, complaints, etc.). There are especially many lawsuits concerning land and other property conflicts. Among them are many relating to conversion, escape, search, detention and return of fugitives. The task of this work is to illustrate the scale and depth of the process of enslavement of the Ukrainian population on the example of Hlukhiv and Hlukhiv district of Novhorod-Siverskyi governorship and passive resistance to this process in the final liquidation of the Hetmanate. There were about 160 such cases in the fund in 1782 alone (along with several cases of disobedience to landlords and persuasion to flee). This is due to the beginning of the IV All-Russian revision of the taxable population in 1781–1787 under the leadership of the Senate. The nobility, officials of various kinds, the military, the clergy - the largest landowners in the county, sought to record in their fairy tales as many subjects. This created the basis for corruption, abuse of power, caused conflicts and judicial investigations, refusal to perform citizenship, mass flight of citizens. It should be noted that not only peasants but also Cossacks and burghers of Hlukhiv were subjected to citizenship and enslavement. At this time, the number of requests from residents of the city and its environs to enroll in the bourgeois state increased significantly, to which the attention of the governor’s board was paid by the Hlukhiv commandant E. Prostokvashyn. The governor’s board was overwhelmed with complaints and requests to find and return fugitives from such landowners as Myklashevskyi, Borzakovskyi, Dergun, Skoropadskyi, Count K. Rozumovskyi, Prince Bariatynski, etc., which testified to the spread and final establishment of serfdom in Ukraine on the Left.