Возвращение в Крым старожильческого христианского населения после эмиграции 1778 г.

Abstract

Переселение греков и армян из Крымского ханства в пределы Азовской губернии в краеведческой литературе более известно как “добровольный выход христиан, желавших избавиться от притеснений со стороны крымских татар”. Однако, это событие точнее можно назвать “вынужденной эмиграцией", инициированной П.Румянцевым- Задунайским, который считал, что в силу политических и экономических реалий того времени, оно будет очень выгодно для Российской империи.

The process of the Armenians’ and Greeks’ home-coming from the Azov region began as early as the 1780s and was going on till the 20s of the 19"^ century. However, during the whole period under consideration the official permission to return was given only the Arme- nians-Catholics, the Greeks from the Village of Autki (within modern Yalta),- and dwellers of the Azov Yalta and Gurzuf who enlisted to join the navy. Other emigrants - merchants and craftsmen - returned to their motherland spontaneously. Only in 1811, during the sixth census, they were registered as town dwellers of the Crimea. The Greeks and Armenians from the Azov region settled mainly in Stary Krym, Theodosia, Karasubazar, and Armenian Bazar, Perekop, Bakhchisarai, The most numerous group of migrants was the Armenians (about 2,000 - 2,500 people came back from 1779 to 1820). Much less, presumably 600 Greek town-dwellers and about 100 village dwellers - fishermen, horticulturists and winegrowers came back to the peninsula. Having come back to the Crimea the Starozhili (Native Population) Christian population became the centre of the formation of a new territorial group of the Crimean Armenians and a New Greek community. So succession of traditions of material and spiritual cultures which had been turning up on the peninsula under the influence of great civilizations of the West and East was ensured.