Дослідження роботи синаптичних молекулярних машин

Abstract

Розглянуто особливості роботи синапсів у складі високоорганізованих молекулярних машин. Показана їх робота з обробки інформації та формуванні запам'ятовуючих структур.

Рассмотрены особенности работы синапсов в составе сложноорганизованных молекулярных машин. Показана их работа при обработке информации и формировании запоминающих структур.

Synapses are very complex molecular machines that are a major part of the nervous system. All major events of nervous activity occur precisely at the synapses, i.e. at the points of interaction of neurons with each other. Excitation and inhibition there, rearrangements are underway, leading to the formation of memory structures are generated. Between both parts of the synapse there is a contact pad 10-50 nm wide, between the postsynaptic and presynaptic membranes are enclosed. Integration of signal processing processes in synapses leads to long-term changes in the efficiency of synaptic structures underlying plasticity and memory. The molecular memory of a person is determined by a change in the conductivity of synapses, and the integral assessment of the work of synapses is a characteristic of the brain. It is in the synapse that basic information processes take place and signals are transmitted. Inside neurons in the form of signals to enzymes and DNA information can be transmitted. With the help of synapses, a quick and highly selective interaction between cells is carried out. The functioning of synapses, changes in their number and effectiveness the perception, processing and storage of information are underlied. The key ones are receptor-driven and potential-dependent channels, as well as proteins that precisely the necessary synaptic components in a limited synapse space are localized. Memory as signals pass through the synapses is formed. Memorization occurs when nerve cells the effectiveness of connections called synaptic is increased. In the case of short-term memory, the effect lasts only a minute or an hour. With long-term memory, the synaptic connection for a long time is enhanced. As mentioned above, memory as a result of passing signals through synapses is formed.