Принципи фотографії як складники поетики літературного твору

Abstract

У статті досліджено виникнення та розвиток фотографічного мислення в ХІХ – ХХ столітті, а також відображення цього мислення в літературі. Проаналізовано стилетвірні принципи фотомистецтва у створенні образів та психологічних картин у художніх творах. Аналіз втілення фотографічного мислення в літературі проведено на матеріалі творчості Ф. Достоєвського.

The paper surveys development of photographic art in the 19th – 20th centuries and analyzes some of its principles used in creating images and psychological pictures in the literary works. The analysis of the embodiment of photographic thinking in the literature is based on the material of F. Dostoyevsky’s novels. The development of photo technologies determined the appearance of photographic thinking as an aesthetic phenomenon. This phenomenon combines the specific artistic and imaginative reflection of reality and the world of man. By means of photographic thinking the artist was able to move away from the realistic understanding of life, he ceased to reflect the world and began to express it, now being able to show the variability of different entities. The focus on this way of thinking helps to explain the changes in the choice of topics, in the ways of presenting images, the dynamics of space, the artist’s impressions and attitude. The photo technique evolved into a way of thinking that considerably changed the entire order of perception, relations and reproduction. It is shown that the creative style of Dostoevsky contains obvious signs of such thinking. Among others, the distinctive features of photographic thinking in the writer’s style are cropping, content visualization, reduced importance of eventfulness and focus on a descriptive manner, which is a series of consecutive frame images. Such general characteristics of photography as dramatization and attempts to demonstrate the human emotions in the peak of their development are inherent in Dostoevsky's literary style.

В статье исследовано возникновение и развитие фотографического мышления в ХІХ – ХХ веке, а также проявление этого специфического мышления в литературе. Проанализированы стилеобразующие принципы фотоискусства при создании художественных образов и психологических картин в произведениях литературы. Анализ воплощения фотографического мышления в литературе проведен на материале творчества Ф. Достоевского.