Агітаційно-пропагандистська аркушева література Директорії УНР (листопад 1918 р. – січень 1919 р.)

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості функціонування листівкових видань, видрукуваних Директорією УНР. Розглянуто агітаційну аркушеву літературу як додаткове джерело вивчення історії діяльності Директорії в листопаді 1918 р. – січні 1919 р. Проаналізовано тематику й зміст опублікованих матеріалів у аркушівках.

The scientific relevance of the topic of this article is caused by importance of the study of the sources on the history of the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921-th. One of these sources is the leaflets from the collection of the department of old printed and rare editions of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. The article deals with the problem of functioning of leaflets printed by the Directory on the materials of the collection of leaflets of VNLU. Among this collection are more then 80 copies of one-sheet editions which have valuable information about the Directory’s activity in November 1918 – January 1919. The author proves that in 1917–1921-th publication of agitation leaflets was the mostly popular during the time of the Directorate of Ukraine. Much attention is given to subject and content of the published materials in one-sheet editions. It was established that leaflets are mainly devoted to the sharp themes of the military and sociopolitical life of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Publicistic essays in the leaflets in which are mentioned confrontation with Pavlo Skoropadsky, Bolshevik Russia, the formation of a higher legislative body of the country and its national policy are considered. The author focuses on the principal state institutions that prepared, issued and distributed leaflets. It was established that these editions were published by various printing houses of Kyiv, mainly on request of the Central Information Bureau of the Directory of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. Attention has been drawn to the typographical particularities of this one-sheet editions as a type of printed editions of the era of the Ukrainian Revolution. The visual and informative features the Directory’s leaflets are highlighted. There are many copies with large sizes among one-sheet editions, which means that they were focused on the mass reader, for posting in crowded places. The author comes to the conclusion that leaflets were part of the policy of government informing the population of the country and ensured the rapid dissemination of the Directory’s political program.