Вроджені вади розвитку в структурі малюкової смертності в Одеській області

Abstract

Метою дослідження був ретроспективний аналіз частоти та смертності при вроджених вадах розвитку (ВВР) дітей в Одеській області за 2012 – 2014 роки. Аналіз показав, що ВВР займають друге місце в малюковій смертності. Основною причиною смертності від народження до 1 року життя дітей займають ВВР серця та судинної системи.

Целью исследования был ретроспективный анализ частоты и смертности при врожденных пороках развития (ВПР) детей в Одесской области за 2012 – 2014 года. Анализ показал, что ВПР занимают второе место в младенческой смертности. Основной причиной смертности от рождения до 1 года жизни детей занимают ВПР сердца и сосудистой системы.

Introduction. In a lot of countries congenital malformations of the fetus (CMF) are referred to the most frequent pathology of newborns. They rank the top position in the structure of perinatal and infant mortality both in Europe and America. Up to 500 infants with CMF are born in Odessa Region annually. In prior years indexes of morbidity at CMF in the region were the lowest in the country while mortality rate indexes be cause of CMF were higher. In 2013 Odessa region lay in the 21st place among total 27 in terms of infant mortality. That is why the analysis the structure of infant mortality is important from a perspective of possible means of influence upon the indexes under discussion. The objective: to analyze infant mortality and estimate CMF’s influence upon this index in Odessa Region in 2012 2014. Target and methods of research Retrospective analysis of CMF frequency and infants’ mortality rate due to this cause in Odessa Region has been made. The official statistic data “Report on medical aid to pregnant and parturient women” (form N21, adopted by Ministry of Health Care N 378, dated 10.07.07) for 2012-2014 was used. Results and discussion During 2012 – 2014 birth rate in Odessa Region was constant and constituted 30384 infants in 2012, 29072 – in 2013 and 29465 – в 2014. At the same time the total index of infant mortality in the region had a tendency to decrease and in 2014 was 6,96 which is lower that in the country (7,4). Analysis of perinatal and infant mortality showed that index of dead birth, perinatal, infant and postnatal mortality did not change and had a slight tendency to decrease in 2014. The highest index of CMF in Odessa Region was registered in 2013 (18,9% р < 0,05), while in 2014 it was the lowest (14,6‰). At the conditions of CMF presence the largest part of pregnancies (90%) lasted till term births and only 10% of births were premature. In spite of the tendency to the decrease of the total index of infant mortality in Odessa Region, mortality rate because of CMF is high. In 2012-2014 it constantly lay in the 2-nd place and constituted 22,47%, 29,10% and 22,82%, correspondingly with its maximal index in 2013 (р < 0,05). Analysis of infant mortality by CMF nosologies showed that heart and circulatory system malformations were the highest in 2013 (9,02 р < 0,05 and 4,1 р < 0,05 correnpondigly) and apporoximately on the same mortality level from other CMF.