Experimental results of the influence of powerful pulsed electron beams on the surface structure, hardness and corrosion resistance of the Cr18Ni10Ti steel are presented. The experiments were carried out in the powerful electron accelerators of directional effect VGIK-1 and DIN-2Kwith an energy up to ~300 KeV and a power density of 109-1011 W/cm2 for micro- and nanosecond range. The essential influence of the irradiation power density on the material structure was established. Pulsed powerful beam action on metallic surfaces leads to surface melting, modification of the structure and structure–dependent material properties. The gas emission and mass-spectrometer analysis of the beam-surface interaction were defined.