Рассмотрена природа органических и минеральных веществ в донных осадках на выходе из Севастопольской бухты. Показано, что минеральный состав донных отложений представлен преимущественно высокодисперсным кальцитом и кварцем, с незначительной примесью глинистых минералов, а органические вещества — гумусом с примесью углеводородов. Донные осадки содержат тяжелые металлы, количество которых зависит от минерального состава и природы органических веществ.
Розглянуто природу органічних та мінеральних речовин в донних осадах Севастопольської бухти. Показано, що мінеральний склад донних відкладів представлений переважно високодисперсним кальцитом та
кварцом з незначною домішкою глинистих мінералів,
а органічні речовини — гумусом з домішкою углеводнів, кількість яких залежить від мінерального складу
та природи органічних речовин.
Interrelation of bottom sediments contamination with
heavy metals and quantity of organic matter is considered
in the article. Bottom sediments are represented by high -
dispersed calcite and quartz together with admixtures of
clay minerals. Organic matter of bottom sediments mainly
consists of humic substances, and nonpolar hydrocarbons.
It is shown that the contamination level of bottom sediments
in the Sevastopol bay is much higher than in the
area of the Karadag Nature Reserve. Hydrocarbons content
in bottom sediments at the exit from the Sevastopol
bay is much less than the total content of organic matter.
Main quantity of organic substances in bottom sediments
is presented by humus, some part of which is in the form
of humic acids. Low content of hydrocarbons in the studied
samples is caused by transformation of oil hydrocarbons
into humus.
The content of copper and zinc is correlated with quantity
of humus, and main amounts of these elements are
bound in the form of organic complexes. Contamination
of sediments by lead and chromium are mainly associated
with arrival of these elements with fuel hydrocarbons and
are concentrated in the locations of the Navy. High levels of zinc and lead in bottom sediments in the area of ships dislocation is caused by fuel hydrocarbons and zinc-containing
antifouling paints. The content of manganese in bottom sediments near the outlet from the Sevastopol bay
is small and is comparable with the amount of manganese
in bottom sediments of the Karadag Nature Reserve coastal
zone. Low content of manganese in bottom sediments near the outlet from the Sevastopol bay is connected with
deposition of manganese in bottom sediments and is driven
by inner-basin processes. Low manganese content at the outlet of the bay is related to the fact that under certain
hydrological situations manganese is removed from the South bay and, while getting into a qualitatively different
redox conditions in the outlet part of the bay is transformed into insoluble forms, contributes to increasing of manganese concentrations in the sediments inside the bay.
